备份和恢复docker容器

备份容器

前提条件

容器没有挂载磁盘，即所有数据都是保存在容器内部

创建备份脚本

nona backup_docker_container.sh 

#!/bin/bash

# 检查是否提供了容器名称参数
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <container_name>"
    exit 1
fi

# 获取容器名称参数
container_name="$1"

# 获取当前日期和时间（格式为 YYYY-MM-DD_HH-MM-SS）
current_date=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")

# 定义输出文件路径
output_file="./container_backup_${container_name}_${current_date}.tar"

# 检查容器是否存在
if ! docker inspect "$container_name" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Error: Container '$container_name' does not exist."
    exit 1
fi

# 导出容器
docker export "$container_name" > "$output_file"

# 检查是否成功导出
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Container backup successful: $output_file"
else
    echo "Container backup failed"
    exit 1
fi

运行备份

chmod +x backup_docker_container.sh
./backup_docker_container.sh gitlab

输出文件如：container_backup_gitlab_2025-03-13_09-11-29.tar

恢复备份

创建恢复脚本

nano restore_docker_container.sh

#!/bin/bash

tar_file_path="$1"
image_name="$2"
image_tag=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")

docker import "$tar_file_path" "${image_name}:${image_tag}"

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Error: Failed to import tar file."
    exit 1
fi

echo "Image imported successfully: ${image_name}:${image_tag}"

echo "Then you should run container like this: "
echo "docker run -d --name container_name -p 3000:3000 -p 2222:22 ${image_name}:${image_tag}"

运行恢复脚本

chmod +x restore_docker_container.sh
./restore_docker_container.sh container_backup_gitlab_2025-03-13_09-11-29.tar image_name